Introduction This lesson plan for teachers of older teenage and adult students at low to mid-intermediate level is about money. Students will develop their fluency through a range of conversational activities. This is a lesson based on money, though students’ own attitudes can be kept private if they so desire. And it can remain so, but as a conversation topic, money is a veritable gold mine!

1. English Conversations All Occasions Pdf Merger

A good conversation lesson can often begin with the students not being sure what the topic of the day is. Not that we want to keep them in the dark for long, but it can get their attention when things aren’t so clear from the outset. But when I teach this lesson I introduce the topic directly, simply to give me a chance to point out that nobody will be required to discuss personal matters related to money.

English Conversations All Occasions Pdf Merger

We don’t need to know how much money you’ve got or earn, I may tell them. It can be a relief, on occasions, to those who do consider this a very private matter. Topic Money Level Low to mid-intermediate Time 90 minutes Materials Lesson plan: guide for teacher on procedure including worksheet tasks Worksheets: five downloadable worksheet exercises Chris Trickett The plan and worksheets are downloadable and in pdf format. If you have difficulty downloading the materials see the of the Help page. Copyright - please read All the materials on these pages are free for you to download and copy for educational use only.

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Edition used: Thucydides, The English Works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury; Now First Collected and Edited by Sir William Molesworth, Bart., (London: Bohn, 1839-45). Available in the following formats: 52.3 MB This is a facsimile or image-based PDF made from scans of the original book. 19.6 MB This is a compressed facsimile or image-based PDF made from scans of the original book. 965 KB This is an E-book formatted for Amazon Kindle devices. 1.85 MB This text-based PDF or EBook was created from the HTML version of this book and is part of the Portable Library of Liberty.

1.74 MB This version has been converted from the original text. Every effort has been taken to translate the unique features of the printed book into the HTML medium. 1.74 MB This is a simplifed HTML format, intended for screen readers and other limited-function browsers.

629 KB ePub standard file for your iPad or any e-reader compatible with that format About this Title: Vol. 1 of Hobbes’ translation. Thucydides was one of the greatest of the ancient Greek historians because of his attention to accurate research. His account of the 5th century BC struggle between Athens and Sparta is one of the first works of history to combine political and ethical reflections with history writing.

Copyright information: The text is in the public domain. Fair use statement: This material is put online to further the educational goals of Liberty Fund, Inc. Unless otherwise stated in the Copyright Information section above, this material may be used freely for educational and academic purposes. It may not be used in any way for profit. Table of Contents:.

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The merit of Hobbes’ translation of Thucydides lies principally in the simplicity and force of the language: bearing in that respect some affinity to the original. Viewed merely as a translation, it will be found to contain, owing partly to the corrupt state of the Greek text of his day, partly to his habitual disregard of minute details so that accuracy were attained in essentials, manifold errors and omissions. As these defects disfigure the narrative, and sometimes perplex the reader, it has been considered worth while to attempt, by short notes, something towards their removal: without however affecting to offer a translation either critically correct or even free from many errors. In the performance of this task the interpretations of Goeller, Arnold, Thirlwall and others, have been followed wheresoever they were available: where such help failed, the editor had to rely on his own imperfect resources. To render the work more useful to the English reader and those not deeply versed in Grecian history, some historical notes have been added, drawn for the most part in substance from Mueller’s history of the Dorians, Hermann’s Grecian Antiquities, Thirlwall’s history of Greece, Niebuhr’s history Edition: current; Page: ii of Rome, &c. Wheresoever Aristotle is cited, his Politics will be understood to be the work referred to. Several phrases having been marked by Hobbes himself with square brackets, to designate them as interpolations, the same marks have been added for the same purpose to other words and passages.

Those corrections of the Greek text by Bekker and others only have been noticed, which serve to explain the cause of Hobbes’ departure in those instances from the right interpretation. It has been considered useless to reprint the maps belonging to the original edition, and referred to in the Epistle to the Reader. These were unavoidably rude and imperfect, and have been long superseded both by the more general maps to be found in any modern Atlas, and the numerous maps and plans which have been published of late years for the particular illustration of this history. It has however been thought useful to append Goeller’s map of the siege of Syracuse, which is accessible only in his edition of the text.

TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE SIR WILLIAM CAVENDISH, knight of the bath, baron of hardwick, and earl of devonshire. Right Honourable, I take confidence from your Lordship’s goodness in the very entrance of this Epistle, to profess, with simplicity and according to the faith I owe my master now in heaven, that it is not unto yourself, but to your Lordship’s father that I dedicate this my labour, such as it is. For neither am I at liberty to make choice of one to whom I may present it as a voluntary oblation; being bound in duty to bring it in as an account to him, by whose indulgence I had both the time and ammunition to perform it. Nor if such obligation were removed, know I any to whom I ought to dedicate it rather. For by the experience of many years I had the honour to serve him, I know this: there was not any, who more really, and less for glory’s sake favoured those that studied the liberal arts liberally, than my Lord Edition: current; Page: iv your father did; nor in whose house a man should less need the university than in his.

For his own study, it was bestowed, for the most part, in that kind of learning which best deserveth the pains and hours of great persons, history and civil knowledge: and directed not to the ostentation of his reading, but to the government of his life and the public good. For he read, so that the learning he took in by study, by judgment he digested, and converted into wisdom and ability to benefit his country: to which also he applied himself with zeal, but such as took no fire either from faction or ambition.

And as he was a most able man, for soundness of advice and clear expression of himself, in matters of difficulty and consequence, both in public and private: so also was he one whom no man was able either to draw or justle out of the straight path of justice. Of which virtue, I know not whether he deserved more by his severity in imposing it (as he did to his last breath) on himself, or by his magnanimity in not exacting it to himself from others. No man better discerned of men: and therefore was he constant in his friendships, because he regarded not the fortune nor adherence, but the men; with whom also he conversed with an openness of heart that had no other guard than his own integrity and that nil conscire. To his equals Edition: current; Page: v he carried himself equally, and to his inferiors familiarly; but maintaining his respect fully, and only with the native splendour of his worth. In sum, he was one in whom might plainly be perceived, that honour and honesty are but the same thing in the different degrees of persons. To him therefore, and to the memory of his worth, be consecrated this, though unworthy, offering. To make it appear that this war was greater than any before it, the author showeth the imbecility of former times; describing three periods: 1.

From the beginning of the Grecian memory to the war of Troy. The war itself. The time from thence to the present war which he writeth.

Thucydides, an Athenian, wrote the war of the Peloponnesians and the Athenians as they warred against each other, beginning to write as soon as the war was on foot; with expectation it should prove a great one, and most worthy the relation of all that had been before it: conjecturing so much, both from this, that they flourished on both sides in all manner of provision; and also because he Edition: current; Page: 2 saw the rest of Greece siding with the one or the other faction, some then presently and some intending so to do. For this was certainly the greatest commotion that ever happened amongst the Grecians, reaching also to part of the barbarians, and, as a man may say, to most nations. For the actions that preceded this, and those again that are yet more ancient, though the truth of them through length of time cannot by any means clearly be discovered; yet for any argument that, looking into times far past, I have yet light on to persuade me, I do not think they have been very great, either for matter of war or otherwise. The cities of Greece, how seated, and for what causes. As for cities, such as are of late foundation and since the increase of navigation, inasmuch as they have had since more plenty of riches, have been walled about and built upon the shore; and have taken up isthmi, that is to say, necks of land between sea and sea, both for merchandise and for the better strength against confiners. But the old cities, men having been in those times for the most part infested by thieves, are built farther up, as well in the islands as in the continent. For others also that dwelt on the sea–side, though not seamen, yet they molested one another with robberies.

And even to these times, those people are planted up high in the country.